Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Materials and Techniques submitted time 2024-04-20
Abstract： After decades of research, the problems and behavior of the corrosion of reactor alloy materials are well known. However, some problems in corrosion of reactor materials have not been clarified, including the critical corrosion process of the reactor materials under operational conditions, the role of a single factor in the corrosion process, and the prediction of corrosion behaviors of new materials in extreme environments. The density functional theory, which is based on quantum mechanics, can accurately predict the motion process of atoms and the change in the relevant energy within a very short period. The density functional theory has become an important auxiliary method for investigating the corrosion process of reactor alloy materials in recent years and can help solve the above problems. In this paper, two parts are reviewed. The first part introduces the density functional theory and includes the theoretical basis, development process, and mainstream computing software. In the second part, the research status of the density functional theory in the corrosion of reactor alloy materials is reviewed, including the adsorption, separation, combination, and internal diffusion of the reactor alloy material surfaces in the environments of water-cooled reactor, liquid-metal-cooled reactor, and molten salt reactor.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Pharmacology submitted time 2023-11-12
Abstract： Objective: To explore the clinical effect of tumescent technique in early operation of massively burned patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 27 patients with large area burns accorded with the inclusive criteria and admitted from June 2019 to November 2022. Among them, 14 patients admitted from June 2021 to November 2022 were treated with intraoperative injection of tumescent fluid for hemostasis and were rolled in tumescent group, or observation group; 13 patients admitted from January 2019 to November 2021 were treated with tourniquet for hemostasis were rolled in tourniquet group, or control group. The operation time, blood loss, blood preparation, blood transfusion, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, intraoperative and postoperative blood pressure, heart rate, postoperative skin graft survival rate and other related indicators were compared between the two groups, and the clinical effects were observed. Results: There was no statistical difference in preoperative blood volume between the two groups (p > 0.05). The actual amount of blood transfusion in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and operation time in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin between the two groups (p > 0.05). The survival rate of skin grafting in the observation group were slightly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The vital signs of patients in the observation group were more stable than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tumescent technique can reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss, shorten the operation time, improve the survival rate of postoperative skin grafting, and ensure the stability of intraoperative hemodynamics in early operation of massively burned patients.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《知识管理论坛》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is one of the most important channels to support basic research in China. Competition for funding by the NSFC has been a very important indicator to measure the basic research level of various province and scientific research institutions. [Method/process] By combing and analyzing the status quo of NSFC in medical science, it is helpful to narrow the provincial gap and improve the basic research of medical science in China. Based on the project information of NSFC and previous scholars’ research, the paper update the index of basic research competitiveness, and analyzes project number and project funding of medical science during 2006-2016. At the same time, the competitiveness of medical science basic research and its changing trend in 31 provinces of China are analyzed. [Result/conclusion] The result shows that, in recent years, China’s basic scientific research has greatly improved, but there is a large gap between the provinces.
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2023-08-28
Abstract： Summarize the nursing experience of an elderly conscious patient with severe pneumonia and ARDS undergoing prone position ventilation. Severe pneumonia is a relatively serious respiratory system disease, and patients often suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves other organ systems and is prone to various complications. By summarizing the nursing experience of a patient with severe pneumonia and ARDS undergoing prone position ventilation, the aim is to explore its therapeutic effect and practical precautions. The patient recovered and was discharged after being hospitalized for 19 days. During a 3-month regular follow-up, the patient recovered well.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-27 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Exploring innovative qualitative and quantitative methodology can provide reliable basis for selection and identification of key fields of science and technology in countries. Comprehensive view and analysis data can provide some reference to support decision-making of the key fields of science and technology in China.[Method/process] Firstly three select criteria of the key fields of science and technology were determined, which included research achievements, research input and science and technology planning. Then the comprehensive analysis of indicators and their weights were designed. The sum of the ranks for the above mentioned three criteria was calculated by extreme standardization method.[Result/conclusion]The top 10 key fields of science and technology in major countries of the world were selected and compared with each other and China. The conclusion can provide some reference for the key field layout of science and technology in China.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： An alloy Mg94Cu4Y2 with a large quantity of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases bearing Cu and Y was designed and prepared in this paper. The microstructural transformations and the hydrogen absorption/desorption properties of the alloy were characterized during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes. The cast Mg94Cu4Y2 alloy consists of phases such as Mg, Mg2Cu and LPSOs with 18R or 14H type. The LPSOs decomposed at the first hydrogenation, and in situ formed highly even dispersed nanocomposite (MgH2+MgCu2+YH3). The Mg/MgH2 was the main reaction during the subsequent dehydrogenation cycles. The alloy exhibits excellent hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics because the nano-sized and even dispersed Mg2Cu and YH2 catalyzed effectively the Mg/MgH2 reactions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Gestures are hand movements which are generated during communication or cognitive process and don’t act on the object directly. It has the mixed characteristics of concreteness and abstractness. On a continuum from action to abstraction, gestures are more abstract than action but still less abstract than verbal language. Gestures have the power not only to reflect the individual’s cognitive level, but also to change the individual’s cognitive level, and as a result, thus facilitating the learning of new knowledge. The classification of gestures is mainly divided from the perspectives of the source of gestures, the content of gestures, the intention of gestures, the matching between gestures and speech. According to the source of gestures, gestures can be divided into producing gestures and observing gestures. In terms of the content of gestures, the classic classification is McNeill’s (1992) elaboration on gesture’s classification, which divides gestures into four types: iconic gestures, deictic gestures, beat gestures and metaphoric gestures. The previous researches on children’s gestures mainly employ two experimental paradigms: laboratory experimental method and scenario experimental method. Between them, most of the studies use the laboratory experimental method, while a small number of studies use scenario experimental method, which is mostly used for the study of infant’s gestures development. In the aspect of the development of gestures, deictic gestures, iconic gestures, beat gestures and metaphoric gestures spontaneously occur at different time points in the process of children’s growth. Deictic gestures appear earliest and usually appear at around 12 months old, while metaphoric gestures appear the latest and usually appear after the children enter primary school. The developmental trends of different types of gestures are also distinguish. It is important to note that the advantage effect of gestures may occur earlier than the children’s spontaneous occurrence of gestures. Therefore, encouraging young children to use gestures may promote the development of gestures’ spontaneous occurrence. What’s more, encouraging particular types of gestures can even introduce new ideas into children’s repertoire. Both producing gestures and observing gestures can facilitate children’s vocabulary learning, speech expression, mathematical problem-solving, spatial learning and memory. That is to say, the self-producing gestures group perform better on the task than the non-producing gestures group, and the observing other people’s gestures group perform better on the task than the non-observing gestures group. However, the influence of gestures on speech comprehension has not reached a consistent conclusion, mainly because speech comprehension is affected by many factors, it needs to be considered in consideration of factors such as the type of gestures, difficulty level of tasks, and children’s age. In the process of children’s cognitive development, adults should pay attention to the phenomenon of “gesture-speech mismatches” which can give teachers and parents insight into the children’s cutting-edge thoughts, and actively guide the “implicit thoughts” expressed by gestures, so as to facilitate positive results of children’s learning and acquisition of new knowledge. Future research should continue to explore the following aspects. Firstly, factors such as culture and socio-economic status can be considered to investigate whether the occurrence time and developmental trends of gestures could be affected by these factors. The second is to compare the advantage effect of producing gestures and observing gestures in various learning fields. The third is to pay attention to the use of gestures among special children. The last is to focus on the advantage effect of gestures in the classroom teaching and family education.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Although the continuous spread of the pandemic and the rapid development of technology has brought challenges for top managers in China, the environmental uncertainty also offers an opportunity for them to practice and develop leadership skills. To answer what leadership behaviors will help top managers improve organizations’ adaptability and performance in a rapidly changing and complex environment, we developed a new leadership construct, namely, dialectical leadership behavior based on dialectical thinking rooted in the Chinese culture.Dialectical leadership behavior is characterized as a strategic leadership behavior including timely adapting organizational strategy and managerial practices to environmental changes, understanding and balancing between management contradictions, and holistically coordinating different departments and resources in organizations. According to upper echelon theory (Hambrick & Mason, 1984), CEOs’ leadership styles have a profound impact on the strategic choice and performance of the organization. We thus expect CEO dialectical leadership behavior to contribute to firm innovative capability and performance through strategic flexibility in a complex and uncertain business environment.To better understand dialectical leadership, we first developed and validated a scale. We found that dialectical leadership behavior was composed of six dimensions: timely adjusting, individualized mentoring, weighing contradictions, balancing kindness and strictness, promoting coordination, and holistically managing. We further distinguished dialectical leadership behavior from other related leadership constructs with theoretical and empirical efforts. Besides, as top managers of Chinese firms displayed a significantly higher dialectical leadership behavior than those of U.S. companies, the cultural uniqueness of dialectical leadership behavior was justified. Finally, we revealed that CEO dialectical leadership behavior in Chinese companies positively affected firm strategic flexibility and ultimately improved firm innovative capability and performance. We make several contributions. First, scholars constantly explore leadership constructs and practice based on the Western culture. However, the cultural difference between the East and the West matters when it comes to the effectiveness of leadership behaviors. Dialectical leadership behavior provides a new perspective for future exploration of indigenous leadership behaviors and influences by incorporating traditional wisdom of Eastern culture and the reality faced by Chinese enterprises. Second, by developing the measurement of dialectical leadership behavior, we contribute to the future investigation of dialectical leadership behavior and its correlations. Additionally, as we found that CEO dialectical leadership behavior is positively related to firm innovative capability and performance, which are critical for enterprises to survive and thrive during the crisis, we lend confidence in applying wisdom from the Chinese traditional culture to current management practice. Finally, by uncovering the role of firm strategic flexibility in mediating the influence of dialectical leadership behavior on firm innovative capability and performance, we extend understandings about the mechanism through which dialectical leadership behavior matters. We also provide the discussion on the limitation of the study and future research directions.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： A new melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin was prepared with concentrated formaldehyde and degradated liquid of soy-protein as raw materials . The molecular structure and thermal mechanical properties of MUF resin were characterized by 13C-NMR, FT-IR and DMA. The prepared MUF resins were used as bonding material to fabricate particleboards and then their bonding strength and modulus of rupture(MOR)as well as free formaldehyde content were also examined. The results show that with the MUF resin synthesized merely with concentrated formaldehyde (hereinafter named MUF resin-F), the bonding strength and MOR of the fabricated particleboard increased by 25% and 64%, and the free formaldehyde content decreased by 52%; however, with the MUF resin synthesized jointly with concentrated formaldehyde and degradated liquid of soy-protein (herinafter named MUF resin-FP), the bonding strength and MOR of the fabricated particleboard increased by 48% and 97% respectively, and the free formaldehyde content decreased by 56%. The FT-IR results indicated that the degradated liquid of soy-protein did react with MUF. 13C-NMR and DMA results indicated that the MUF resin-F has high amount of ether bond and high condensation degree, high initial strength and low thermal stability; in the contrast, the MUF resin-FP has high condensation degree and high amount of methylene bridge bond, which can offset the instability induced by the fracture and rearrangement of ether bonds. In sum, the newly synthesized MUF resin-FP possesses good thermal mechanical properties, high strength and low free formaldehyde content.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Other Disciplines of Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science submitted time 2023-02-17 Cooperative journals: 《智慧农业（中英文）》
Abstract： Phytophthora strawberries, as a kind of plant pathogenic fungi, can cause strawberry skin and crown rot without safe and effective treatment, which affect the economic benefits of planting strawberries. Therefore, it is urgent to use low-cost diagnostic methods to achieve early prevention. Strawberry plants infected with Phytophthora cactorum would release a unique organic volatile gas, 4-ethylphenol, with a concentration ranging from 1.12 to 22.56 mg/kg, which could be used as a marker gas for rapid diagnosis of the disease. In this study, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and field effect sensors (FET) were used to prepare semiconductor field effect gas sensors (SWNT/FET) without selectivity. And then the metal porphyrin MnOEP with high sensitivity and selectivity to 4-ethylphenol was immoblized on the SWNT's surface to obtain MnOEP-SWNT/FET. MnOEP-SWNT/FET has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, small size, high sensitivity and easy integration, which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and other analytical methods. By comparing the sensitivity and selectivity of different sensors, MnOEP-SWNT/FET is very suitable for real-time monitoring of 4-ethylphenol. The key reasons for the high sensitivity and selectivity are: MnOEP is a macromolecular heterocyclic compound formed by four pyrrole rings connected together by methylene and manganese ion(Mn), each pyrrole ring consists of four carbons and one nitrogen, and all nitrogen atoms inside the ring form a central cavity; the coordination metal ions of MnOEP are in an unsaturated state, gas molecules can interact with the central metal ions through van der Waals force and hydrogen bond at the axial position of MnOEP to change their own optical or electrical properties. MnOEP-SWNT/FET was studied by Raman spectrum, UV spectrum and voltammetry. The physical and chemical properties were analyzed and the detection conditions were optimized to improve the gas sensitivity of MnOEPSWNT/ FET to 4-ethylphenol. Under the optimal detection conditions, MnOEP-SWNT/FET has a good linear relationship with 0.25% ~100% saturated vapor of 4-ethylphenol (20 ℃) and the detection limit is 0.15% saturated vapor of 4-ethylphenol. The relative standard error of different concentrations was less than 10%. By measuring the actual samples, it has high detection accuracy for strawberry plants infected with Phytophthora, but it still exists false positive for healthy strawberry.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Other Disciplines of Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science submitted time 2023-02-17 Cooperative journals: 《智慧农业（中英文）》
Abstract： The production mode of livestock breeding has changed from extensive to intensive, and the production level is improved. However, low labor productivity and labor shortage have seriously restricted the rapid development of China's livestock breeding industry. As a new intelligent agricultural machinery equipment, agricultural robot integrates advanced technologies, such as intelligent monitoring, automatic control, image recognition technology, environmental modeling algorithm, sensors, flexible execution, etc. Using modern information and artificial intelligence technology, developing livestock feeding and pushing robots, realizing digital and intelligent livestock breeding, improving livestock breeding productivity are the main ways to solve the above contradiction. In order to deeply analyze the research status of robot technology in livestock breeding, products and literature were collected worldwide. This paper mainly introduced the research progress of livestock feeding robot from three aspects: Rail feeding robot, self-propelled feeding robot and pushing robot, and analyzed the technical characteristics and practical application of feeding robot.The rail feeding robot runs automatically along the fixed track, identifies the target animal, positions itself, and accurately completes feed delivery through preset programs to achieve accurate feeding of livestock. The self-propelled feeding robot can walk freely in the farm and has automatic navigation and positioning functions. The system takes single chip microcomputer as the control core and realizes automatic walking by sensor and communication module. Compared with the rail feeding robot, the feeding process is more flexible, convenient and technical, which is more conducive to the promotion and application of livestock farms. The pushing robot will automatically push the feed to the feeding area, promote the increase of feed intake of livestock, and effectively reduce the labor demand of the farm. By comparing the feeding robots of developed countries and China from two aspects of technology and application, it is found that China has achieved some innovation in technology, while developted countries do better in product application. The development of livestock robot was prospected. In terms of strategic planning, it is necessary to keep up with the international situation and the trend of technological development, and formulate the agricultural robot development strategic planning in line with China's national conditions. In terms of the development of core technologies, more attention should be paid to the integration of information perception, intelligent sensors and deep learning algorithms to realize human-computer interaction. In terms of future development trends, it is urgent to strengthen innovation, improve the friendliness and intelligence of the robot, and improve the learning ability of the robot. To sum up, intelligent livestock feeding and pushing machine operation has become a cutting-edge technology in the field of intelligent agriculture, which will surely lead to a new round of agricultural production technology reform, promote the transformation and upgrading of China's livestock industry. .
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2022-11-06
Abstract： This paper summarized the peri-operative nursing of a case of special abdominal aortic aneurysm treated by artery bypass graft surgery. Key issues of peri-perative nursing included pre-operative preparation, intra-operative cooperation, prevention of post-operative complications, psychological care, pain management and health guidance. Target nursing interventions should be carried out to ensure the success of artery bypass graft surgery and improve the post-operative recovery of the patient.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2020-09-28 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： In order to depict the attacker's attack trajectory better, this paper proposed a path prediction method based on T_NAG(time attribute network attack graph) model. First of all, proposed a new attack graph model T_NAG to distinguish the attacker's ability according to the real-time behavior trace. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the attacker's different capabilities, proposed the concept of attack intention, considered the operation risk and attack profit as a whole and introduced the time decay parameter into the intention calculation, and designed a vulnerability utilization quantification method based on the attacker's capabilities. Finally, further integrated attack intention and vulnerability utilization into the consideration of path reachability probability, and given the IntenAbi-PathPre algorithm to predict the attack path. The experimental results show that this method can effectively remove the redundancy in the attack graph and improve the accuracy of attack path prediction.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-11-13 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 高海拔宇宙线观测站（LHAASO）的核心科学目标是探索高能宇宙线起源以及相关的宇宙演化、高能天体运动和新物理前沿的研究。通过大面积铺设μ子探测器（MD）极大的压低宇宙射线背景，从而提高高能伽马射线探测的灵敏度。作为MD的核心部件之一的光电倍增管（PMT）负责接收水中的切伦科夫光子并将其转换成电信号输出，因此PMT的性能好坏直接影响MD的性能。稻城实验室2%抽样测试结果表明PMT的各性能达到MD的指标要求，与批量测试结果的相对偏差小于2%。
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-15 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract：第二相强化是一种传统且十分有效的金属材料强化方式，但在导致高强度的同时常伴随韧塑性的大幅度下降。本文归纳总结了本课题组近几年来在几种典型的先进金属材料（高性能钢铁材料、高熵合金及块体非晶合金）中应用第二相强化机制的研究工作。研究发现，通过调控第二相与基体组织的界面特性和性能匹配，可以有效调控第二相的尺寸、体积比及形貌等特征，从而大幅度提高这些材料的综合力学性能。
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-11 Cooperative journals: 《中国腐蚀与防护学报》
Abstract：采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法并结合线性极化曲线方法研究了模拟压水堆一回路加氢水化学条件下预氧化的316LN不锈钢表面沉积贵金属Pt的方法及其对材料电化学行为的影响。预氧化膜实验和高温电化学实验条件为模拟反应堆一回路条件，贵金属沉积实验为模拟反应堆热停堆条件。结果表明，预氧化实验中，材料表面形成了双层氧化膜，外层为富Ni层，内层为富Cr层，与反应堆实际运行中材料表面产生的氧化膜结构和成分相似；在模拟热停堆实验条件下，用Na2Pt(OH)6配制含Pt量为0ppb，10ppb，50ppb，100ppb的溶液能够在316LN材料表面沉积达到目标要求的Pt；电化学实验表明Pt沉积量越多，材料的腐蚀电流密度变化很小，腐蚀电位急剧降低，说明材料抗腐蚀性能提高。
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国腐蚀与防护学报》
Abstract：摘要：在模拟压水堆一回路水条件下，用静态高压釜对304L不锈钢进行了1680h的腐蚀考验，对氧化膜进行了宏观和微观分析，对均匀腐蚀和均匀腐蚀速率进行了定量评估。结果表明：304L不锈钢在很短的时间内（14天）就形成了氧化物层。氧化物分为两层，最靠近基体的氧化物颗粒直径为50-100纳米，在细小致密的氧化物颗粒表面均匀分布着0.5-1.6微米的多边形大颗粒。经过70天高温高压腐蚀试验，最靠近基体的氧化物颗粒直径增大为80-250纳米，致密细小氧化物颗粒表面分布的多边形颗粒直径增大为0.8至2.5微米。致密细小氧化物膜具有极强的耐蚀性，腐蚀增重速率先是大幅降低，然后逐渐平缓。经过1680h后，其均匀腐蚀速率降为仅2.85×10-3mg/dm2?h。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2016-06-14
Abstract：【目的】通过梳理国际代表性数据期刊特点!更好地了解数据期刊发展的趋势和特征。 【方法】 选择15种数据期刊进行调研，对其发展现状、学科分布、出版方式、收录内容、引用机制、版权协议以及出版费用等方面进行了分析%。【结果】基于 Scientific Data、F1000 Reaseach、GigaScience 等代表性期刊的分析，成功的数据期刊特点包括科研人员的认知度、学术社群的认可度、知识产权保护以及管理透明化。【结论】中国数据期刊出版界在搭建数据知识库和数据期刊出版平台后，还需关注如何提升国际认知度和认可度，图书馆员除了为科研人员推荐这些开放获取的数据资源外，更重要的是协助他们鉴别良好的数据期刊，以保护他们的知识产权权益。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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